Bacterial transcription initiation is orchestrated by the RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme, comprising the multisubunit core enzyme and a σ factor that directs promoter recognition. Initiation begins ...

Bacteria employ small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) as versatile regulators of gene expression, primarily by modulating the activity of RNA polymerase and its interaction with sigma factors. These sRNAs, ...

This image highlights two alternatives for the ribosome to be recruited to an mRNA that is still being synthesized by RNA polymerase (RNAP). RNAP (left, red) can directly deliver the mRNA to the entry ...

An international team of scientists have used advanced microscopy to image how ribosomes recruit to mRNA. Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell ...

Every living cell transcribes DNA into RNA. This process begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) clamps onto DNA. Within a few hundred milliseconds, the DNA double helix unwinds to form a ...