Although the word fern often brings to mind a lacy, delicate foliage or frond as fern leaves are called, ferns can also have leathery, shiny fronds or broad, heavy, dense foliage. And now for ...

If you want to get a sense of what life was like during the Carboniferous period some 300 million years ago, visit the Kona Cloud Forest above Kailua. The area abounds with ferns that once were ...

Ferns are among the oldest living plants, with fossil records dating back 383 to 393 million years ago. These plants are resilient and have survived volcanic eruptions and cold climates thanks to ...

In true encyclopedia format, this is a comprehensive guide to nearly 1,000 ferns and fern companions for the garden. It's lavishly illustrated with close to 700 photographs, so just thumbing through ...

Almost every garden is likely to have a shady area that influences the kinds of plants that will grow there. Many people consider these areas a problem, when, in fact, they provide the opportunity to ...

Q. I want to transplant some ferns. — Shawna in Shandaken A. One of the problems people can run into in transplanting ferns is that in many places it is illegal to transplant ferns that are growing in ...

Imagine a photograph of your great-grandparents, grandparents and parents side by side. You’d see a resemblance, but each generation would look distinct from its predecessors. This is the process of ...

Plants and the animals that eat them have evolved together in fascinating ways, creating a dynamic interplay of survival strategies. Many plants have developed physical and chemical defenses to fend ...

Ferns are not a very popular food item for the animal kingdom. Compared to the herbivorous insects on flowering plants and conifers, relatively few insects eat ferns. One estimate is there is about ...