The phase determines the oscillation frequency, and gain is a criterion for oscillation to exist. The four poles in the loop equation each contribute –45° phase shift accumulating the required total ...
The proposed shifter uses a half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide, with phase shifted in a via-pad-slot structure where a through via is attached to a pad surrounded by an annular slot. “The phase ...
A new phase shifter does not need clean-room facilities for fabrication, so is inexpensive to manufacture. The liquid-metal enabled phase shifting elements have a 'passive' nature, unlike the 'active' ...
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