Thermal effects can increase or decrease bolt load and clamping capability. Measuring the angle of nut rotation can sometimes be used to gage preload. Modeling the ...

An innovation in bolt indicators ends the guessing game for obtaining an optimum bolt preload. There are many applications in which it is crucial that a proper bolt preload should be applied and, ...

Before we dig into this subject matter, we'd like to preface what will follow with some background comments. We've had hands-on experience designing intake manifolds and exhaust headers using the ...