One of the unsolved mysteries of contemporary science is how highly organized structures can emerge from the random motion of particles. This applies to many situations ranging from astrophysical ...

Brownian ratchets were first viewed as devices that could harness the random motion of particles to achieve work. It was long thought that this concept would be impossible to implement practically, ...

First observed by botanist Robert Brown in 1827, Brownian Motion describes the continuous, chaotic movement of tiny particles, such as pollen grains, suspended in a medium. This motion results from ...

IN 1905, Albert Einstein published five papers that shook the world of physics. His elegant arguments and conclusions were marvels of physical intuition that addressed dilemmas raised by experimental ...

The answer to this question puts a spotlight on two revolutionary 19th-century scientists. In 1828, the Scottish botanist Robert Brown published his observation that tiny particles in suspension were ...

Metalheads in mosh pits act like atoms in a gas. That’s the conclusion of the first study of the collective motion of people at a rock concert. The finding could add to the realism of ...