Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...
The neurological examination revealed a pleasant, moderately obese female with an antalgic gait, favoring the left leg. Range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine was severely limited in all directions ...