NOWADAYS a number of micro-methods (for example, X-ray and interference microscopy, and isotope techniques) are used for quantitative analyses of mineralized biological tissues. These methods have a ...

Fifty years ago, a group at the US National Bureau of Standards published the first protocol for embedding preserved tissue with plastic, and showed that such methacrylate-embedded specimens were ...

Cross-section observation of a specimen using SEM can produce detailed information vital for research and development as well as for failure analysis. Generally, surface observation alone is incapable ...

This approach involved mechanical and argon (Ar) ion polishing of cross-section specimens, developed by face-to-face gluing of two thin film stacks using epoxy glue. A significant utility for the ...